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Bolivia’s drinking water and sanitation coverage has greatly improved since 1990 due to a considerable increase in sectoral investment. However, the country continues to suffer from what happens to be the continent’s lowest coverage levels and from low quality of services. Political and institutional instability have contributed to the weakening of the sector’s institutions at the national and local levels. Two concessions to foreign private companies in two of the three largest cities — Cochabamba and La Paz/El Alto — were prematurely ended in 2000 and 2006 respectively. The country’s second largest city, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, relatively successfully manages its own water and sanitation system by way of cooperatives. The government of Evo Morales intends to strengthen citizen participation within the sector. Increasing coverage requires a substantial increase of investment financing. According to the government the main problems in the sector are low access to sanitation throughout the country; low access to water in rural areas; insufficient and ineffective investments; a low visibility of community service providers; a lack of respect of indigenous customs; "technical and institutional difficulties in the design and implementation of projects"; a lack of capacity to operate and maintain infrastructure; an institutional framework that is "not consistent with the political change in the country"; "ambiguities in the social participation schemes"; a reduction in the quantity and quality of water due to climate change; pollution and a lack of integrated water resources management; and the lack of policies and programs for the reuse of wastewater.〔 == Access == ''Source'': Joint Monitoring Program for Water Supply and Sanitation by WHO and UNICEF〔 (JMP 2010 Estimates for Bolivia ). The estimates are based on the Household Survey (2005), the Bolivia Democratic and Health Survey (2008) and other surveys.〕 The above figures on sanitation exclude share latrines, which are not considered as improved sanitation facilities by the Joint Monitoring Program for Water Supply and Sanitation which monitors the Millennium Development Goals for the United Nations. If shared facilities were included, access to sanitation would be 81% urban and 27% in rural areas. The lowest levels of coverage are found in the departments of Pando, Potosí, and Oruro. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Water supply and sanitation in Bolivia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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